characteristics of ethiopian agriculture

In fact, the Ethiopia Investment Commission considers the textile and garment sector as a strategic sector. To that end, the government has made significant investments in cotton production in order to support manufacturing, including the recent establishment of industrial zones, and has gone to great lengths to provide incentives to attract foreign manufacturers to set up operations in the country. For instance, according to the World Bank between 1980 and 1987 agricultural production dropped at an annual rate of 2.1 percent, while the population grew at an annual rate of 2.4 percent. Industrial Parks Development Corporation (IPDC), Textile Industry Development Institute (ETIDI), Ethiopian Cotton Producer, Ginners, and Exporters Association (ECPGEA). 133 8.5.2. Among the popular games on the grasslands, football (introduced via schools) tends to replace the traditional qarsa game. Agriculture as a key element for the development of other sectors 3 3. [7] In EFY 20072008, the CSA reported that 17,827,387.94 quintals of pulses were produced on 1,517,661.93 hectares, an increase from the 15,786,215.3 quintals produced on 1,379,045.77 hectares. There are opportunities to process livestock products for both local and export markets. The mixed agriculture exhibits several subsystems. The market for agriculture in Ethiopia is projected to register a CAGR of 5.4% during the forecast period, 2021-2026). Agro-processing equipment (e.g. Most oilseeds are raised by small-scale farmers, but sesame was also grown by large-scale commercial farms before the era of land reform and the nationalization of agribusiness. Many of the existing and anticipated increases in livestock production, as envisioned under the LMP, are linked to the consistent availability of quality livestock feed, animal genetics, and veterinary services. The pilot areas selected for establishment of the Agro-Industrial Parks are mainly based on the potential of existing agricultural resources and allied sectors, infrastructure, and facilities. Barley is cultivated mostly between 2,000 and 3,500 meters in Ethiopia. In order to address the ongoing drought, the GOE is renewing its emphasis on developing the countrys irrigation systems and water-harvesting methodologies. [7], Before the Ethiopian Revolution, pulses and oilseeds played an important role, second only to coffee, in the country's exports. ", Table D.2. in addition to these cereals, they produce different types of fruits and coffee which are not seasonal. landholdings are tiny, fragmented and unsuitable for modern methods of agriculture. [31] ploughing the land to soften the land takes three months and from sowing and seedling to the harvesting of the crops requires three to four months. This method was widely used in Ethiopia and southern Ethiopia because it is recommended for soils requiring more than one ton of lime per acre and soils with a pH of less than 5.8 [15]. In 198182, out of the AMC's purchases of 257,000 tons of grain, Gojjam accounted for 32 percent of the purchases, and Arsi, Shewa, and Gonder accounted for 23%, 22%, and 10%, respectively. Contract farming, cluster approach and land consolidation, Horticulture (irrigation and urban farming), Climate resilient sustainable agricultural development. Most of these crops are exported to generate foreign exchange. <i>Results . With respect to increasing productivity, the GOE, alongside its international partners, has made a number of interventions to support the development of the agriculture sector. Beef exports are also growing, with additional market opportunities on the horizon. 3. Available data on crop production show that land reform and the various government rural programs had a minimal impact on increasing the food supply, as production levels displayed considerable fluctuations and low growth rates at best. Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey Wave2, 2013-2014. Veterinary Drug and Animal Feed Administration & Control Authority (VDAFACA), NationalAnimalHealthDiagnosticand InvestigationCenter(NAHDIC), Ethiopia Agricultural Business Corporation (EABC), International Trade Administration [7] Since the fall of the Derg, there have been a number of initiatives to improve the food supply, which include research and training by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. The major product in are teff, wheat, maize, sesame, Niger, linseed etc. Recently, the GOE has permitted imports of basic food commodities using franco-valuta scheme to narrow supply and demand gap and reduce rising inflation in the country. Years of bi-directional causality were found between agriculture and manufacturing and services sectors before 1975. State farms sold their output to the AMC. About 70 percent of the cattle in 1987 were in the highlands (commonly involved in transhumance),[26] and the remaining 30 percent were kept by nomadic pastoralists in the lowland areas. Agriculture. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of the country as the following facts indicate. The GOE is focusing on expanding chicken meat production in order to reduce the countrys longstanding dependence on the livestock sector, minimize the sectors environmental footprint, and provide more affordable protein to the masses. By 1989, the area covered by the State Farms had grown to a total of 220,000 hectares. Depending on international market conditions and local demand factors, there may be opportunities in the future for U.S. wheat and soybean sales to Ethiopia. However, expansion was constrained by inadequate nutrition, disease, a lack of support services such as extension services, insufficient data with which to plan improved services, and inadequate information on how to improve animal breeding, marketing, and processing. [30] These tools includes sickle, pick axe, plough shaft, ploughshare, plow, beam and animal force as a machines. There may also be future opportunities for equipment and systems to process these commodities. It features and analyzes the country's agricultural progress from 1960s to date, and some . These soils are found in both the northern and the southern highlands in areas with poor drainage. The opportunities and constraints facing Ethiopian agriculture are strongly influenced by conditions which vary across geographical space. "Ethiopia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2010 to 2020", "Agriculture in Ethiopia: data shows for a large part Agriculture still retained its majority share of the economy", "The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Selected Issues Series", "National Statistical Abstract. Total required investment costs for the IAIPs stand at U.S. $870 million and initial investment costs are estimated at U.S. $266 million. Title. [27], Poultry farming is widely practiced in Ethiopia; almost every farmstead keeps some poultry for consumption and for cash sale. The Mengistu regime encouraged fruit and vegetable production. [7], Most agricultural producers are subsistence farmers with small holdings, often broken into several plots. Though the raising of livestock always has been largely a subsistence activity,[22] intensive, factory farm facilities are gaining in popularity and are present in Addis Ababa and Debre Zeit, run by Ethiopian agribusiness ELFORA. To achieve this, the GOE seeks to leverage on developing huge unutilized arable land, modernizing production systems, and improving uptake of technology. Their resistance to this change increased when Zemecha members campaigned for collectivization of land and oxen. [7], Pulses are the second most important element in the national diet and a principal protein source. However, the expected level was not achieved. Grains are the most important field crops and the chief element in the diet of most Ethiopians. Land use function 2 2.2. [17], Cotton is grown throughout Ethiopia below elevations of about 1,400 meters. Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the country, and are the most important soils. Peasant associations often were periodically compelled to redistribute land to accommodate young families or new households moving into their area. Pulses, grown widely at all altitudes from sea level to about 3,000 meters, are more prevalent in the northern and central highlands. Official websites use .gov The soil was equilibrated with pH 7.5 buffer solution whereby reserve H is brought into the solution, which results in depression of pH which will be made and . The Tendaho Cotton Plantation in the lower Awash Valley was one of Ethiopia's largest cotton plantations. The government nationalized rural land without compensation, abolished tenancy, forbade the hiring of wage labor on private farms, ordered all commercial farms to remain under state control, and granted each peasant family so-called "possessing rights" to a plot of land not to exceed ten hectares. Tenant farmers in southern Ethiopia, where the average tenancy was as high as 55% and rural elites exploited farmers, welcomed the land reform. Ethiopias commercial red meat (beef, mutton and goat) industry has made remarkable progress to date and shows considerable growth potential for the future. The Ethiopian Government set up the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) to reach certain goals between 2011 and 2015. "Agriculture" (and subsections). Because of drought, which has repeatedly affected the country since the early 1970s, a poor economic base (low productivity, weak infrastructure, and low level of technology), and overpopulation, the agricultural sector has performed poorly. Between 198485 and 198687, at the height of the drought, Ethiopia received more than 1.7 million tons of grain, about 14 percent of the total food aid for Africa. Textile and apparel manufacturing and equipment. The principal grains in Ethiopia are Teff, Wheat, Barley, Corn, Sorghum, and Millet. These three grains constitute the staple foods of a good part of the population and are major items in the diet of the nomads. Agricultural products account for . This is a best prospect industry sector for this country. About three-quarters of the total sheep flock is in the highlands, whereas lowland pastoralists maintain about three-quarters of the goat herd. That is why per hectare yield of crop is . Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. This article examines the characteristics of and choice among two production technologies in Ethiopian agriculture, one with fertilizer and the other without, using 1989-90 farm-level data. In the 20062007 EFY hides, skins and leather products made up 7.5% of the total export value; live animals accounted for 3.1% of the total value of exports during the same period. (2013). The amount of coffee inspected in the fiscal year 20072008 by the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea Authority (ECTA) was 230,247 tons, a decrease of almost 3% from the previous fiscal year's total of 236,714 tons. Since the revolution, most commercial cotton has been grown on irrigated state farms, mostly in the Awash Valley area. processed food, beverages, and livestock products meat, milk, and eggs), as well as the textile/apparel and leather industries. will supply the domestic market. According to Infomineo (2016), the key agricultural sectors in Ethiopia are the following: Coffee & tea; Ethiopia has a great potential for coffee production, thanks to the country's abundant rainfall, optimum temperatures, conducive altitude, and fertile soil. However, information is lacking in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia. However, beginning in 1987 the decline in world coffee prices, reduced Ethiopia's foreign-exchange earnings. Public Communication Directorate Tel: +251-116-454441 Fax:+251-116-461294/465412 E-Mail:eiar@eiar.gov.et P.O.Box: 2003 Addis Ababa Ethiopia , Designed & Developed By Yonas T/birhan Agriculture accounts for 36% percent of the nation's Gross domestic Product (GDP) as of 2020. Food production had consistently declined throughout the 1980s. Agriculture accounts for most of (30- 42%) of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. It accounts for nearly 80% of the land under cultivation and employs 60% of the rural workforce, most of which work on less than one hectare of land. Agriculture is the country's most promising resource management. Adigrat University, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Adgrat, Tigray, Ethiopia Address: Adigrat University, P.O.Box 50 Abstract: Ethiopia is endowed with diverse cattle genetic resources adapted to various local environmental conditions and acquired unique features. Since then, export earnings from this sector have grown to about US$65 million in 200607 and are projected to double over the next few years. To evaluate the genetic diversity of Ethiopian potato cultivars, and to assess their relationship with germplasm from North America, Europe and the International Potato Center (CIP), 8303 SNP markers were used to characterize 44 local Ethiopian cultivars, as well as . By 1990 the state had begun to develop large poultry farms, mostly around Addis Ababa, to supply hotels and government institutions. Of an estimated 750,000 hectares of private commercial farms in operation at the time of the 1975 land proclamation, 67,000 hectares were converted into State Farms that, beginning in 1979, were operated by a new Ministry of State Farms. Facing a Foreign Trade AD/CVD or Safeguard Investigation? Similarly, the area of cultivation increased from 22,600 hectares in 197475 to 33,900 hectares in 198485.[7]. Most of these farmers lived in the Ethiopian Highlands, mainly at elevations of 1,500 to 3,000 meters. At the same time, to accelerate the countrys agricultural development, the government established the Agricultural Transformation Institute (ATI) to address systemic bottlenecks in the agriculture sector by supporting and enhancing the capability of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and other public, private, and non-governmental implementing partners. Milk and dairy processing, and supporting equipment and systems. [6] Ethiopia has great agricultural potential because of its vast areas of fertile land, diverse climate, generally adequate rainfall, and large labor pool. In this regard, Ethiopia is looking to expand development efforts to fight land degradation and to reduce pollution; reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions; increase forest protection and development; increase production of electricity from renewable sources for domestic use and for export; and focus on modern and energy saving technologies. These types of soils are found in much of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR). In addition, the GOE is looking to the agro-processing sector (also a best prospect sector detailed below) as one engine to spur future economic growth. For this to happen, the government will need to guarantee sufficient allocations of foreign exchange. Explain the main contribution, potentials, characteristics , and problems of Ethiopian agriculture. As a result, a number of Indian entrepreneurs are relocating to Ethiopia to develop its thriving flower industry which has led to gains in market share at the expense of neighboring countries. NEED FOR A SPECIFIC TREATMENT OF AGRICULTURE . The economic plan prescribes the following comprehensive measures to overcome the challenges facing the agricultural sector: Enhance productivity of small-holder farmers and pastoralists through provision of modern inputs and services; Develop a legal framework that will allow farmers to lease land and to become shareholders in large commercial farms; Modernize livestock production through improving veterinary infrastructure, research and innovation, and establishing linkages with other industries; Establish effective linkages between agriculture producers and commodity markets as well as the commercial value chain; Encourage private sector investment in agricultural R&D and exploring PPPs to expand medium and large-scale irrigation infrastructure; and. The plough shaft, beam and ploughshare are made of wood and the sickle, pick axe, plow are made of metal. The combined pressure of crop and livestock production and the ever-increasing human f AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN ETHIOPIA 285 population on the land in this farming system is high. To promote commercial-scale farming, the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) created the Ethiopian Agricultural Land and Investment Administration Agency dedicated to overseeing any new large-scale commercial farm deals. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the physiographic characteristics of agricultural lands, farmers . As the textile and apparel industry grows, there will likely be more opportunities for U.S. cotton sales. Research on the constraints, characteristics, and performance of the enterprise sector in low-income countries is often constrained by scarcity . Section D. Volume II, Report on Livestock and Livestock Characteristics. . Another study, of Dejen awraja (subregion) in Gojjam, found that land fragmentation had been exacerbated since the revolution. Farm Management Practices (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season) 2020/21 (2013 E.C.) Agriculture, which constituted 46 percent of GDP and more than 80 percent of exports, is by far the most important economic activity in the Ethiopian economy. In fact, the soybean crushing and soybean oil refining industry is quickly emerging. The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) is the Ethiopian government ministry which oversees the agricultural and rural development policies of Ethiopia on a Federal level. Mia MacDonald and Justine Simon (2010) Climate, Food Security, & Growth: Ethiopia's Complex Relationship with Livestock. There also was concern that villagization could have a negative impact on fragile local resources, accelerate the spread of communicable diseases, and increase problems with plant pests and diseases. The manufacturing sector plays a marginal role in employment generation, exports, output, and inter-sectoral linkages. In Ethiopia, agricultural export development is done in livestock, grains, vegetables, fruits, and fruits. As reviewed from different literatures household demographic characteristics, household resource endowments, social, cultural, infrastructural, institutional and economic factors influence the . Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country's economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of exports, and 80% of total employment.. Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market). [11], The primary motive for the expansion of state farms was the desire to reverse the drop in food production that has continued since the revolution. As a result, up to 200,000 Ethiopians perished. Most Ethiopians practice mixed agricultural activity which represents about 33.88 . The government mobilized farmers and organized "food for work" projects to build terraces and plant trees. The GOE encourages investments in meat processing, especially those that are focused on exporting value-added products abroad. "Roles of extension and ethno-religious networks in acceptance of resource-conserving agriculture among Ethiopian farmers." Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation[1] caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market). Agricultural production has been highly dependent on natural resources for centuries [].However, increased human population and other factors have degraded the natural resources in the country thus seriously threatening sustainable agriculture and food security [2, 3]. Of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. Resembling the banana but bearing an inedible fruit, the plant produces large quantities of starch in its underground rhizome and an above-ground stem that can reach a height of several meters. [7], Livestock production plays an important role in Ethiopia's economy. Brighter Green, 2. Ethiopia has previously imported cotton from various international suppliers. The soils of the Great Rift Valley often are conducive to agriculture if water is available for irrigation. A major subsistence crop, barley is used as food and in the production of tella, a locally produced beer. Ensete flour constitutes the staple food of the local people. Wubne, Mulatu. During this period, markets were major actors of economic activity and various positive measures, which encouraged . [7], Ethiopia's estimated livestock population is often said to be the largest in Africa. Coffee grows wild in many parts of the country, although most Ethiopian coffee is produced in the Oromia Region (63.7%) and in the SNNPR (34.4%), with lesser amounts in the Gambela Region and around the city of Dire Dawa. In fact, Ethiopia recently started importing chicken meat from Ukraine and Brazil. Due to physical, economic and social factors the. To show other various factors (political, policy, cultural, religious, affected crop production and productivity in Ethiopia. For the foreseeable future, the demand for cotton is expected to outstrip local supplies, making imports necessary. An estimated 85 percent of the population are engaged in agricultural production. The AMC was a government agency whose objective was to influence the supply and price of crops. Characteristics and challenges of the Ethiopian highlands farming systems. Despite this potential, however, Ethiopian agriculture has remained underdeveloped.

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