effect of microwave on human body ppt

PubMed Central Wang L, Peng R, Hu X, Gao Y, Wang S, Zhao L, et al. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Erdal ME, Erdal N, Ay OI, Ay ME, et al. Hans Hertel, a Swiss food scientist, initiated the first tests on microwaved food and microwave cooking to determine how microwaves affect human physiology and the blood. 2003;14:2436. Researchers have also used the 12-arm maze test on rats to test spatial working ability after exposure to 2.45GHz pulse microwave radiation. It has been shown that neurons are sensitive to reductions in the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in mitochondria, which have been reported to be vulnerable to microwave radiation [118]. Morris R. Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. Xu et al. Kan P, Simonsen SE, Lyon JL, Kestle JR. Cellular phone use and brain tumor: a meta-analysis. PubMed Central The transduction of a nerve impulse and the postsynaptic potential produced by it result in synaptic transmission. 1997;44:99104. Brain Res Rev. : a biochemical study on mouse brain. Above all, because of biases and variations in investigation methods, no conclusive evidence has been presented that microwaves cause cancer. Lymphatic Systems: Due to chemical alterations within food substances, malfunctions occur in the lymphatic system, causing a degeneration of the body's ability to . Mobile phone use facilitates memory in male, but not female, subjects. Ragozzino ME, Unick KE, Gold PE. Does MW radiation affect gene expression, apoptotic level, and cell cycle progression of human sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells? Resulting Effects on the Human Body. It addresses the impact on developing head and brain tumours, other morbidity-related outcomes and summarizes the biological effects of RF and microwave radiation. Occupational Medicine (London) 50.1 (January 2000):49-56. Cosquer B, Kuster N, Cassel JC. Szmigielski S. Cancer risks related to low-level RF/MW exposures, including cell phones. Brain Res. Kang D, Hamasaki N. Mitochondrial transcription factor a in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. Singh et al. Lai et al. Of these, five rats were repeatedly exposed to extremely low-frequency microwaves (915MHz; pulse width, 20ms; average power density, 0.3mW/cm2; repetition frequency, 4.0Hz; intermittently for 1min, On for 1min, and Off for 10min; SAR, 0.7mW/g) and 5 were in the sham group. Their answers to questionnaires showed that the workers suffered from symptoms including headaches, fatigue, stress and sleeplessness. Numerous studies have shown that increased acetylcholine is related to promotion of the effect of glucose on memory [112,113,114]. PubMed A large number of studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause a series of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, including sleep disorders in addition to learning and memory impairments. Furukawa H, Singh SK, Mancusso R, Gouaux E. Subunit arrangement and function in NMDA receptors. Bioelectromagnetics. To determine the precise dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, further detailed studies must be performed. Specifically, the Federal Communications . Regional cerebral glucose uptake in the 3xTG model of Alzheimer's disease highlights common regional vulnerability across AD mouse models. Annu Rev Physiol. Melatonin and serotonin levels were estimated, which play important roles in the nervous system. In addition, glucose is also related to cognitive functions, and reductions in the metabolism and uptake of glucose have been observed in local regions of the brain in Alzheimers patients [107, 108]. Impairment of long-term potentiation induction is essential for the disruption of spatial memory after microwave exposure. Verma et al. Cull-Candy SG, Leszkiewicz DN. [21, 22] found a higher incidence of brain cancer in radar technicians and a shortened incubation period (i.e., less than 10years). 2010;86:37683. Cancer in radar technicians exposed to radiofrequency/microwave radiation: sentinel episodes. Cobb et al. Mortazavi S, Tavakkoli-Golpayegani A, Haghani M, Mortazavi S. Looking at the other side of the coin: the search for possible biopositive cognitive effects of the exposure to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiofrequency radiation. Kwon et al. Sleep EEG alterations: effects of pulsed magnetic fields versus pulse-modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields. It influences both learning and memory in rats [67]. Microwaves are widely used in broadcasting, communications and many industrial fields. 1994;10:13548. Concurrently, the discovery that microwaves have positive biological effects has presented new challenges for research and applications in this field. After exposure to microwave radiation, during synaptic structural plasticity, presynaptic vesicles accumulate or empty, mitochondria are damaged, postsynaptic membranes are perforated, postsynaptic lengths and postsynaptic density distributions are abnormal, mossy fiber growth is inhibited during learning and memory functions, dendritic filopodial densities and activities are decreased, and there is a significant reduction of the dendritic spine density and dendritic fragment length [62]. 1 of 41 Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings Oct. 04, 2015 4 likes 4,519 views Download Now Download to read offline Environment The presentation proves beyond any doubt, the harmful affects of microwaves and radio frequency waves on humans and other living beings Padmanabhan Krishnan Follow Dr. 1984;11:4760. Electromagn Biol Med. Othman H, Ammari M, Rtibi K, Bensaid N, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices. [84] and Sharma et al. Neuroreport. Microwave radiation can heat body tissue the same way it heats your food. 2013;34:58998. The rats in the study showed increases in spatial memory and glucose transporters, and this phenomenon indicated a corresponding increase in glucose uptake. Effect of 900 MHz radio frequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the brain. Nicholson RM, Kusne Y, Nowak LA, LaFerla FM, Reiman EM, Valla J. Neurologic and biochemical findings and CD4/CD8 ratio in people occupationally exposed to RF and microwave. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic. Brain Res. CAS Kesari KK, Behari J. Fifty-gigahertz microwave exposure effect of radiations on rat brain. A radio frequency electric current enhances antibiotic efficacy against bacterial biofilms. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a tetramer composed of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits or two NR3 subunits that perform the functions of NMDAR [69, 70], and NMDAR plays key roles in synapse development, synaptic plasticity and neurological diseases. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Adair ER. Electromagnetic fields (EMF): do they play a role in children's environmental health (CEH)? 2003;80:194210. radiations. Electromagn Biol Med. Article Many studies have been made on the biological effects of microwave radiation. The visual reaction time and short-term memory of healthy male and female workers at a radar site with a frequency range of 218GHz was recorded with a simple blind computer-assisted-visual reaction time test or modified Wechsler Memory Scale test. Shahin found that regardless of whether exposure was long-term or short-term, 2.45GHz microwaves increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, which potentially led to apoptosis in hippocampal subfield neurons and non-neuronal cells as a result of p53-dependent/independent activation. Jeong J. EEG dynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease. 2000;284:30017. Article Dasdag et al. PubMed Zhang Y, Li Z, Gao Y. Ning et al. Among radar workers exposed to 1418GHz microwaves, the somatic symposium anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression were caused [19]. 2009;4:e4389. 1984;5:6370. 1992;6:379. Synaptic plasticity is a special function of synapses, which play an important role in learning and memory processes [46], including structural and functional plasticity. Koivisto M, Krause CM, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hmlinen H. The effects of electromagnetic field emitted by GSM phones on working memory. The results showed that gestational Wi-Fi exposure and restraint adversely affected offspring neurodevelopment and behavior in adulthood. Finally, Hardell et al. Front Neurosci. [41] exposed rats to 2.45GHz microwaves (2 pulse width, 500 pps, and SAR 0.6W/kg) for 45min and found that microwave-induced behavioral alterations measured by Lai had more to do with factors related to performance bias than to spatial working memory. Biol Chem. Positive results were obtained in Morris water maze tests that demonstrated that microwaves influenced learning and memory in rats. 2006;27:295306. their effects on the human body are vastly different: - Non-ionizing Radiation Frequency range: 0.1 - 1013 Hz . Since mobile phones are used in positions very close to the human body and require a large 2007;34:146779. Int J Epidemiol. However, impaired learning and memory were only observed in males. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Acetylcholine modulation of neural systems involved in learning and memory. A significant increase in ROS levels and DNA fragmentation were observed only after the astrocytes were exposed to modulated EMF for 20min, perhaps as a result of hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors. Microwaves can influence mitochondria by damaging their structure [45], reducing ATP levels and affecting the activity of relevant enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome coxidase (COX) [119,120,121]. Most bioassay and genotoxicity or mutation studies that have been performed in vitro have reported that exposure to microwave radiation at non-thermal levels does not have mutagenic/genotoxic/carcinogenic effects. 2005;161:3314. Reduction of Phosphorylated Synapsin I (Ser-553) leads to spatial memory impairment by attenuating GABA release after microwave exposure in Wistar rats. 2014;53:22230. The potential mechanisms underlying these damaging effects range from gene expression alterations in the respiratory chain, membrane damage, Ca2+ overloading, and DNA impairment [122,123,124,125,126,127,128]. PLoS One. 2016;74:99107. MicroRNAs: novel mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of microwave exposure on rats hippocampus. Bioelectromagnetics. Cancer Res. daily life. Vakalopoulos C. The EEG as an index of neuromodulator balance in memory and mental illness. [72] found that 2.856GHz, 50mW/cm2 pulsed microwave radiation caused persistent spatial memory impairments, disordered neurotransmitters, and varying degrees of damage in the hippocampus and synapses. Zhao et al. 2002;13:11921. Int J Hyg Environ Health. However, most studies have not supported the conclusion that cell phones cause brain tumors [8,9,10,11,12]. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2014;9:e95503. Behav Brain Res. Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose. The former is now recognized worldwide as a method for evaluating learning and memory, while the latter is viewed as more susceptible to other factors. Ito K, Hirao A, Arai F, Takubo K, Matsuoka S, Miyamoto K, et al. 2010;28:445. Fragopoulou AF, Samara A, Antonelou MH, Xanthopoulou A, Papadopoulou A, Vougas K, et al. Functional plasticity is affected in other ways, including the abnormal release and uptake of brain amino acids such as choline and monoamine neurotransmitters, a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes and spikes in long-term potentiating (LTP) in the medial perforated pathway (MPP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) [27]. Starting with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site, Wang et al. Xu et al. Most studies have suggested that microwave radiation can cause EEG abnormalities in experimental animals and participants, but some negative results have also been reported in studies using low-power microwaves. Google Scholar. By using this website, you agree to our 2013;5:5500110. [85] found that protein levels were reduced in rat brains following microwave radiation, which may have been caused by the excessive consumption or a reduction of the synthesis of proteins, and reduced protein synthesis can be caused by the following processes: (1) excessive activation of RNA enzymes; (2) mRNA consumption or the formation and maturation of RNA enzymes. -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-soxazole propionic acid, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, Cross-modal visual-tactile object recognition, Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications/telephone, International agency for research on cancer, Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, Scientific committee on emerging and newly identified health risks. Mitochondrial lipid abnormality and electron transport chain impairment in mice lacking -synuclein. The function of dendritic spines: devices subserving biochemical rather than electrical computation. Chin J Birth Health Hered. Of the numerous studies performed to explore the effects of mobile communication devices on humans, only a few have shown that cell phones and brain tumors are statistically correlated. With the increasing number of applications that use microwave technology, its negative effects on the human body have attracted attention. 2015;36:4804. Zhang et al. Hassanshahi A, Shafeie SA, Fatemi I, Hassanshahi E, Allahtavakoli M, Shabani M, et al. While microwave oven radiation doesn't cause cancer, it can cause painful burns if you're exposed to them. Numerous mechanisms can activate oxidative stress, including electromagnetic radiation, and thereby cause molecular damage. The central nervous system, especially the hippocampus, is highly sensitive to microwave radiation [43, 44]. Koivisto M, Revonsuo A, Krause C, Haarala C, Sillanmki L, Laine M, et al. 2003;80:177. Li Z, Peng RY, Wang SM, Wang LF, Gao YB, Ji D, et al. Chizhenkova R. Slow potentials and spike unit activity of the cerebral cortex of rabbits exposed to microwaves. 2010;1347:17985. [81] reported a study exploring the influence of mobile phone microwave radiation on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat brains. Springer Nature. It has been reported that microwave radiation can decrease both the number and the density of dendritic spines [63]. Richter ED, Berman T, Ben-Michael E, Laster R, Westin JB. It has been suggested that there is an increased risk of glioma at the highest exposure levels, but biases and errors prevent causal interpretations of these data. Military Med Res 4, 29 (2017). Google Scholar. EEG is often used as a tool to diagnose Alzheimers disease [48]. Exp Neurobiol. Schmid MR, Murbach M, Lustenberger C, Maire M, Kuster N, Achermann P, et al. J Pharm Sci. Sci STKE. The microwave energy can be changed to warm up the food because this energy is absorbed by food & it does not prepare food contaminated or radioactive. 2005;130:591600. Curr Opin Neurobiol. The microwave will do its intended job of heating and will start to burn (or cook) the skin tissue. In summary, there is evidence that microwave radiation can lead to alterations in protein synthesis or protein modifications; however, the results are controversial. PLoS One. Previous studies have shown that in unexposed control rats, hippocampal neurons are aligned in neat rows in which the edges are clear, nuclei are clear, nucleoli can be observed, and pyramidal cells do not exhibit obvious necrosis. CAS Zhang proposed that the sex-dependent relationship between microwaves and the behavior of offspring may be related to sex hormones, and female rats may be equivalently protected by reducing oxidative stress levels. PubMed Central Biomed Environ Sci. Terms and Conditions, However, in rats treated with long-term exposure to radiation, neurons exhibit edema and are arranged irregularly. Mortazavi S, Rouintan M, Taeb S, Dehghan N, Ghaffarpanah A, Sadeghi Z, et al. Google Scholar. Effect of mobile radiation on health ppt . miRNAs are non-coding sequences with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides that have roles in cell development and differentiation and are also linked to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. 2008;169:3845. Google Scholar. However, it concurrently also declared that the carcinogenic potential of mobile communications equipment was limited to glioma [4]. Lnn S, Ahlbom A, Hall P, Feychting M. Long-term mobile phone use and brain tumor risk. The results were significant for the range from 12.518.0GHz with a service period greater than 10years. Belyaev IY, Koch CB, Terenius O, Roxstrm-Lindquist K, Malmgren LO, Sommer HW, et al. Thus, these results suggest that the 2.4W/kg GSM 1800MHz microwaves may reduce excitatory synaptic activity and the number of excitatory synapses in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Thus, in the early developmental stage, chronic exposure to 2.4W/kg GSM microwaves may influence dendritic development and the formation of excitatory synapses in cultures of hippocampal neurons. J Med Food. One of the bad impacts a microwave has on humans, is that some of the acids in the food people put in the microwave, gets transformed into a type of acid which turns poisonous. The role of microRNAs in cancer. Bioelectromagnetics. The effects of microwave radiation on protein synthesis in brain remain undetermined. fMicrowave Radiation Comes From Many Sources, Including: Cell phones. Correspondence to Cookies policy. Effect on human attention of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones. Resting state cortical EEG rhythms in Alzheimer's disease: toward EEG markers for clinical applications: a review. Additionally, the number of crossings was significantly lower at 3 d after microwave radiation. Bull Exp Biol Med. J Radiat Res (Tokyo). In epidemiology, there is no conclusive evidence showing that microwaves have carcinogenic effects. Myhrer T. Neurotransmitter systems involved in learning and memory in the rat: a meta-analysis based on studies of four behavioral tasks. J Environ Health. Suhhova et al. Calabr E, Condello S, Curr M, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Magaz S, et al. Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case-control study. 2011;35:36978. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. RF energy has the ability to heat human tissue, much like the way that microwave ovens heat food, and can be hazardous if the exposure is sufficiently intense or prolonged. [27] found that college students visual reaction times were significantly shorter after 10min of phone-induced microwave radiation. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 1999;75:44756. After irradiation was applied for 2h/d for 60 d, the authors observed the following: microwave radiation produced by mobile phones damaged the brains of adult and young rats, the damage caused by mobile phones in the calling state was significantly more severe than that observed in the standby group, and the neurons of young rats were more seriously injured than those of adult rats. [64] exposed cultured rat hippocampal neurons to GSM 1800MHz microwaves (SAR, 2.4W/kg) and observed a selective decrease in the amplitude of -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-soxazole propionic acid (AMPA) miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis. 2005;161:52635. Chandrasekaran K, Hatanp K, Rapoport SI, Brady DR. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. Johnson OL, Ouimet CC. Effect of a 915-MHz simulated mobile phone signal on cognitive function in man. WJZ wrote the paper and outlined this manuscript, LFW and XJH provided a detailed guidance throughout the article. 2010;39:67594. 2011;18:32533. Brain cancer with induction periods of less than 10 years in young military radar workers. To investigate whether exposure of rat brains to GMS microwaves induced DNA breaks and changes in gene expression, Belyaev et al. Preece A, Iwi G, Davies-Smith A, Wesnes K, Butler S, Lim E, et al. 2005;438:18592. 1994;15:95104. The mechanism by which microwave radiation decreases glucose, resulting in impaired learning and memory in rats, may be related to an increase in the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. 2011;174:211. It has also been reported that acute exposure to continuous waves of 900MHz EMF or 900MHz waves that were modulated to an amplitude of 50Hz increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA fragmentation as a result of the hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors [73]. Wang L, Li X, Peng R, Gao Y, Zhao L, Wang S, et al. In a report by the Poland Department of Microwave Safety, occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields was analyzed in the work environment of personnel of 204 devices divided into 5 groups (surface-to-air missile system radars, aircraft and helicopters, communication devices, surveillance and height finder radars, airport radars and radio navigation systems). 2013;73:4737. Nuclear pyknosis and capillary congestion are also observed. 2003;11:346. [15] assessed the use of mobile and cordless phones in 347 cases of melanoma in the head and neck region and 1184 controls and found no increased risk. Most matter, including the human body, is largely . Proliferation and apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line exposed to 900 MHz modulated radiofrequency field. These results indicated that mobile phone exposure affected the acquisition of learned responses in Wistar rats. Dasdag et al. Regarding the ultra-structure of the hippocampus, symptoms including neuronal atrophy, mitochondrial swelling, crest reduction and a disordered arrangement were observed, the rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited cystic expansion, the number of synaptic vesicles decreased, and the synaptic cleft was widened (2.45GHz pulsed microwave field at an average power density of 1mW/cm2 for 3h/d for up to 30days [45] and an average power density of 2.5, 5, or 10mW/cm2 for 6min/d for up to 1month resulted in an average calculated SAR of 1.05, 2.1, and 4.2W/kg, respectively [46]). Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation. 2017;38:106976. Identification of a novel rat nr2b subunit gene promoter region variant and its association with microwave-induced neuron impairment. 2005;360:6577. radiation with wavelengths. 1975;148:1723. Synaptic vesicles form in different parts of neurons and contain high concentrations of substances that are transferred from the neuron.

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