rate of infection synonym

Statistical significance is based on an estimate of the probability of the observed or a greater degree of association between independent and dependent variables occurring under the null hypothesis (see also P value). incidence rate a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occur, expressed explicitly per a time frame. case an instance of a particular disease, injury, or other health conditions that meets selected criteria (see also case definition). asymmetrical a type of distribution where the shape to the right and left of the central location is not the same. arthropod an organism that has jointed appendages and segmented external skeleton (e.g., flies, mosquitoes, ticks, or mites). Most didn't develop a fever. A white blood cell (WBC) count measures the number of white blood cells in a sample of blood. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/infection+rate, [Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin, [C15: from Old French, from Medieval Latin, to estimate or be estimated, with regard to worth, merit, value. All rights reserved. Synonym: In assisted reproduction technology, the number of newborn deliveries achieved in every one hundred follicular aspirations, embryo transfers, or stimulated cycles. epidemic curve a histogram that displays the course of an outbreak or epidemic by plotting the number of cases according to time of onset. confounding the distortion of the association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third variable that is related to both. cohort, birth a group of persons born during a particular period or year. Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses an arithmetic scale. You can review and change the way we collect information below. to estimate the value or worth of; appraise: to rate a student's class performance. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). an infecting agency or influence. [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. Quel est le taux pour changer des en ? NCHS The National Center for Health Statistics, the US governmental organization responsible for national vital statistics and multiple national health surveys. A carrier can be asymptomatic (never indicate signs of the disease) or can display signs of the disease only during the incubation period, convalescence, or postconvalescence. The WBC count is measured in a reference range of values by the number of blood cells in a cubic millimeter . Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. experimental study see study, experimental. numerator the upper portion of a fraction (see also denominator). The rate at which electromagnetic energy is absorbed by a kilogram of tissue, usually expressed as the heat absorbed by the tissue, or as the power absorbed per unit of mass. measure of spread a measure of the distribution of observations out from its central value. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. In epidemiology, it is often used more casually to refer to proportions that are not truly rates (e.g., attack rate or case-fatality rate). Hospital-acquired infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are nosocomially acquired infections that are typically not present or might be incubating at the time of admission. antibody any of a variety of proteins in the blood that are produced in response to an antigen as an immune response. 0 votes. Tea-flavored ice cream doesn't rate highly in my book. table an arrangement of data in rows and columns. years of potential life lost (YPLL) a measure of the impact of premature death on a population, calculated as the sum of the differences between a predetermined minimally acceptable age (e.g., 65 years or current life expectancy) and the age at death for everyone who died earlier than that age. study, cross-sectional a study in which a sample of persons from a population are enrolled and their exposures and health outcomes are measured simultaneously; a survey. The film was rated excellent by 90 per cent of children. Synonym: The average range of beats per minute recorded within a 10-min time frame. Math is a way of determining the relationships between numbers, shapes, and . A In epidemiology, does not imply intentional deviation. Goals: To have real experience in implementing Care of Newborn . Our aims were to increase (1) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine . Infection. Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/infection. Global daily statistics. dose-response association between an exposure and health outcome that varies in a consistently increasing or decreasing fashion as the amount of exposure (dose) increases. rated the movie excellent; rated him a fine cook. frequency polygon a graph of a frequency distribution in which values of the variable are plotted on the horizontal axis, and the number of observations are plotted on the vertical axis. Synonyms contamination, infection, corruption, pollution, taint Solve Now. We were delighted, or at any rate satisfied, with the results. rates of prevalence. medical surveillance see surveillance, medical. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. Case-control and cohort studies are observational studies (see also study, experimental). The term was first used by Edward Tufte in his book, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983). One moose, two moose. 'Hiemal,' 'brumation,' & other rare wintry words. table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. distribution in epidemiology, the frequency and pattern of health-related characteristics and events in a population. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. bank accounts paying above the average rate of interest. percentile a set of cut points used to divide a distribution or a set of ranked data into 100 parts of equal area with each interval between the points containing 1/100 or 1% of the observations. study, prospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred. age-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, age-specific. Many of the mechanisms of resistance have been caused by the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics to treat illnesses such as the cold or flu or the over-prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Cheers! y-axis the vertical axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the dependent variable (e.g., frequency number, proportion, or rate). evaluation systematic and objective examination of activities to determine their relevance, effectiveness, and impact. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. In this test the speed at which erythrocytes settle out of unclotted blood is measured. It did not take long, however, before the infection leaked out and copies of the worm began spreading all over the Internet, infecting 130,000 computers worldwide. box plot a visual display that summarizes data by using a box and whiskers format to indicate the minimum and maximum values (ends of the whiskers), interquartile range (length of the box), and median (line through the box). In other words, bar chart, stacked a bar chart displaying quantities of two variables, represented by subdivided bars or columns (the subdivisions representing the categories of one variable) separated by space between bars or columns. chartjunk unnecessary or confusing visual elements in charts, illustrations, or graphs. Securing a medical care provision system. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. phylogenetic tree a branching chart that indicates the evolutionary lineage or genetic relatedness of organisms. Emma Thorne Drugs used to target HER2-positive invasive breast cancer may also be successful in treating women in the first stages of the disease, researchers at The University of droplet spread the direct transmission of an infectious agent by means of the aerosols produced in sneezing, coughing, or talking that travel only a short distance before falling to the ground. rate of infection synonym Black&Red Black&Gold Black&Bluish purple Black&Purple Black&Black The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed or written as number per minute. vector a living intermediary that carries an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission, biologic and transmission, mechanical) (e.g., mosquitoes, fleas, or ticks). Data from these systems are used to learn about health status, health care, provision and use of services, and the impact of services and programs on health. 3. case, index the first case or instance of a patient coming to the attention of health authorities. Accessed 4 Mar. infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. Based on this situation, temporary measures such as immigration inspections have been implemented since December 30, 2022 to avoid a sharp increase in the inflow of COVID-19 into Japan, and flexible responses will be taken while monitoring the infection situation in China. immunity, active resistance developed in response to an antigen (i.e., an infecting agent or vaccine), usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. These proportions are not mortality rates because, in proportionate mortality, the denominator is all deaths instead of the population among whom the deaths occurred. {\displaystyle \beta } You can complete the list of synonyms of infection rate given by the English Thesaurus dictionary with other English dictionaries: Wikipedia, Lexilogos, Oxford, Cambridge, Chambers Harrap, Wordreference, Collins Lexibase dictionaries, Merriam Webster English-Synonyms dictionary : translate English words into Synonyms with online dictionaries. https://www.freethesaurus.com/infection+rate. ing. quarantine the separation of well persons who have been exposed or are suspected to have been exposed to a communicable disease, to monitor for illness and to prevent potential transmission of infection to susceptible persons during the incubation period. Normally it is less than 10 mm/hr in men and slightly higher in women. attack rate a form of incidence that measures the proportion of persons in a population who experience an acute health event during a limited period (e.g., during an outbreak), calculated as the number of new cases of a health problem during an outbreak divided by the size of the population at the beginning of the period, usually expressed as a percentage or per 1,000 or 100,000 population (see also incidence proportion). mortality rate, crude a mortality rate from all causes of death for an entire population, without adjustment. The postneonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. {\displaystyle A} measure of dispersion see measure of spread. In epidemiology, particularly for an outbreak investigation, a case definition specifies clinical criteria and details of time, place, and person. The time it takes for someone with an infection to start showing symptoms. Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. source (of infection) the person, animal, object, or substance from which an infectious agent is transmitted to a host. Search infection rate and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. record in a line listing, each row is a record or observation. The rate of becoming infected ( It is used to measure the frequency of NOTE: Effective February 1, 2023, the Coronavirus Tracker has switched from LIVE to Daily Updates. dot plot a visual display of the specific data points of a variable. contact, direct exposure or transmission of an agent from a source to a susceptible host through touching (e.g., from a human host by kissing, sexual intercourse, or skin-to-skin contact) or from touching an infected animal or contaminated soil or vegetation. The advantage of this method of calculating case-control study see study, case-control. 1 vote. propagated outbreak see outbreak, propagated. arithmetic-scale line graph see line graph, arithmetic-scale. bar chart, 100% component a stacked bar chart in which all bars or columns are the same length, and the measured axis represents 0%100%. symmetrical a type of distribution where the shapes to the right and left of the central location are the same. There are more than 100 varieties of human papillomavirus (HPV). mortality rate, age-specific a mortality rate limited to a particular age group, calculated as the number of deaths among the age group divided by the number of persons in that age group, usually expressed per 100,000. mortality rate, cause-specific the mortality rate from a specified cause, calculated as the number of deaths attributed to a specific cause during a specified time interval among a population divided by the size of the midinterval population. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition, Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. is directly proportional to trend, secular changes occurring over a substantial period, generally years or decades. iSYNONYM. Vad r kursen fr att vxla till ? Home; infection; Synonyms for infection. Etiology Toxoplasmosis Caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite Horizontal transmission: Exposure to contaminated cat feces Eating infected raw meat Vertical transmission: prevalence, period the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at any time during a particular period. .css-1w804bk{font-size:16px;}See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. A inflection, injection, infectious, infect. carrier a person or animal that harbors the infectious agent for a disease and can transmit it to others, but does not demonstrate signs of the disease. The infection rate in reactivated disease is approximately 15%-20%. The normal range is between 120 and 160 beats per minute. sentinel surveillance see surveillance, sentinel. The number of heartbeats per unit of time that can be detected by palpating any accessible artery. Performs all aspects of patient care in an environment that optimizes patient safety and reduces the likelihood of medical/healthcare errors. bias, information systematic difference in the collection of data regarding the participants in a study (e.g., about exposures in a case-control study, or about health outcomes in a cohort study) that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. thesaurus. You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. sample, representative a sample whose characteristics correspond to those of the original or reference population. Measures of spread used in epidemiology include the interquartile range, variance, and the standard deviation. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses a logarithmic scale. Used in statistical testing to evaluate the plausibility of the null hypothesis (i.e., whether the observed association or difference plausibly might have occurred by chance). pandemic an epidemic occurring over a widespread area (multiple countries or continents) and usually affecting a substantial proportion of the population. There was a failure rate of one pupil in ten in the exam. cohort a well-defined group of persons who have had a common experience or exposure and are then followed up, as in a cohort study or prospective study, to determine the incidence of new diseases or health events. discrete variable (or data) see variable (or data), discrete. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each study participant and then follows each persons health status to determine the effects of the exposure. For a rate, the denominator is usually the midinterval population. incidence proportion the fraction of persons with new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, calculated as the number of new cases divided by the size of the population at the start of the study period (see also attack rate). {\displaystyle \lambda } prevalence rates. The neonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. 2023. What is the rate of alcoholism in the USA compared to other countries in the world. . attribute a risk factor that is an intrinsic characteristic of the individual person, animal, plant, or other type of organism under study (e.g., genetic susceptibility, age, sex, breed, weight). The percentage of individuals afflicted with an illness who die as a result of it. measure of association a quantified relationship between exposure and a particular health problem (e.g., risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio). is given by: where Toxoplasmosis Q fever Influenza Toxocara A Word From Immediate Delivery. Track the global spread of coronavirus with maps and updates on cases and deaths around the world. The exposure period can be brief or can extend over days, weeks, or longer, with the exposure being either intermittent or continuous. control in a case-control study, a member of the group of persons without the health problem under study (see also comparison group and study, case-control). isolation the separation of infected persons to prevent transmission to susceptible ones. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Another HCV infection after HCV cure most frequent in high risk takers, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? It is updated regularly. Payday lending is an established form of lending in the US and Canada. case-patient in a case-control study, a person who has the disease, injury, or other health condition that meets the case definition (see also case). ; the effective transmission rate. That is to say, Rate: An expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. cause, necessary a factor that must be present for a disease or other health problem to occur. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. relative risk a general term for measures of association calculated from the data in a two-by-two table, including risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio (see also risk ratio). population the total number of inhabitants of a geographic area or the total number of persons in a particular group (e.g., the number of persons engaged in a certain occupation). table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. The process of infecting or the state of being infected A measure of the contagiousness of a disease or illness Any contagious disease that spreads rapidly and kills many people more Noun An infectious disease disease illness virus contagion disorder indisposition infirmity affliction ailment bug complaint condition lurgy problem sickness The findings come as the efficacy of. trial, randomized clinical a clinical trial in which persons are randomly assigned to exposure or treatment groups. range in statistics, the difference between the largest and smallest values in a distribution; in common use, the span of values from smallest to largest. an infecting with germs of disease, as through the medium of infected insects, air, water, or clothing. The paper is devoted to monitoring the environmental coliform bacteria (CB) contamination (soil and water) in the environmental disaster areas in the Kazakhstan part of the Aral Sea Region and ranking districts by their level of contamination and the rate of gastrointestinal infections (GI). antigen any substance (e.g., a toxin or the surface of a microorganism or transplanted organ) recognized as foreign by the human body and that stimulates the production of antibodies. clinical criteria the medical features (e.g., symptoms, medical examination findings, and laboratory results) that are used in a case definition. Synonym: Noninflammatory Retina Disease. prevalence rates. definitions. The null hypothesis is used in conjunction with statistical testing. common-source outbreak see outbreak, common-source. The comparison group provides an estimate of the background or expected incidence of disease (in a cohort study) or exposure (in a case-control study). This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births plus stillbirths. HPV infection is a viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growths (warts). See respiratory tract infection . The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. false-positive a positive test result for a person who actually does not have the condition. proportionate mortality the proportion of deaths among a population attributable to a particular cause during a selected period. epidemiology, field applied epidemiology (i.e., the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems), particularly when the epidemiologist(s) must travel to and work in the community in which the health problem is occurring or has occurred. COVID-19 infections are still rising in 72 countries. cancer rates. However, infection invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent, whether or not it causes disease. He doesn't rate very highly as a dramatist in my estimation. 3. a fixed charge per unit of quantity: a rate of 10 cents a pound. mortality rate, race/ethnic-specific a mortality rate limited to a specified racial or ethnic group both numerator and denominator are limited to that group. It is usually expressed in terms of kilocalories per square meter of body surface per hour. outlier a value substantively or statistically different from all (or approximately all) of the other values in a distribution. incidence a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occurs among a population during a specified period. droplet nuclei the residue of dried droplets of infectious agents that is easily inhaled and exhaled and can remain suspended in air for relatively long periods or be blown over great distances. Incidence rate is calculated as the number of new cases over a specified period divided either by the average population (usually mid-period) or by the cumulative person-time the population was at risk. morbidity disease; any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological health and well-being. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. attack rate, secondary a measure of the frequency of new cases of a disease among the contacts of known patients. trial, community an experimental study that uses data from communities. excess risk risk difference, calculated as the risk among the exposed group minus the risk among the unexposed group. efficacy the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results under ideal conditions. This type of graph is useful for identifying medians and quartiles and other percentiles. I am not an alcoholic and I use to drink only on weekends. Lists. study, analytic a study, usually observational, in which groups are compared to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes. cumulative frequency curve a plot of the cumulative frequency rather than the actual frequency for each class interval of a variable. odds ratio a measure of association used in comparative studies, particularly case-control studies, that quantifies the association between an exposure and a health outcome; also called the cross-product ratio. Prostadine can help you maintain a healthy prostate as you age. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. {\displaystyle \lambda } surveillance, syndromic (1) the monitoring of the frequency of illnesses with a specified set of clinical features among a given population without regard to the specific diagnoses, if any, that are assigned to them by clinicians. Unit-specific infection control data showed that VRE infections decreased by 70% (n = 33 before and n = 10 after) in a 19-month period after the intervention. The rate of occurrence of negative test results in those who have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. variable the degree to which a measurement, questionnaire, test, or study or any other data-collection tool measures what it is intended to measure. Data Tracker Home Cases, Deaths, & Testing Case & Death Demographic Trends Vaccination Distribution & Coverage Vaccine Effectiveness & Breakthrough Surveillance Health Equity Pediatric Pregnancy People at Increased Risk Wastewater Surveillance Health Care Settings Social Impact & Prevention Variants & Genomic Surveillance Antibody Seroprevalence Post-COVID Conditions Traveler-Based Genomic . logarithmic transformation conversion of nominal or ordinal data to logarithmic data. But some types of genital HPV can cause cancer of the . prevalence the number or proportion of cases or events or attributes among a given population. Many conditions, including infections, medications, inflammatory diseases, and blood or bone marrow disorders, can cause an abnormal WBC count. hyperendemic the constant presence at high incidence and prevalence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population. epidemiology the study of the distribution and determinants of health conditions or events among populations and the application of that study to control health problems.

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