medicinal trees in the philippines

Habitat: Fishtail palms are native to Asian countries like India, Myanmar, and the Philippines, and thrive mostly in open, hilly and jungle areas. (11). As a medicinal herb, it is used as an expectorant for coughs, cold, sore throat, fever and bronchitis. Botany Bawang (scientific name: Allium sativum) - Alder’s are tapped for syrup in the pacific northwest, in the same way as maple trees are tapped in the Northeast. (5) (6) rounded base. Aquilaria cumingiana (Decne.) DNA Barcoding of the Endangered Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) and Its Application in Species Authentication of Agarwood Products Traded in the Market / Shiou Yih Lee, Wei Lun Ng, Mohd Noor Mahat, Mohd Nazre, Rozi Mohamed  / PLOS 2016 / https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154631 Back to: Philippine herbal Medicine Home Page, Philippine Plants & Trees | Key to Nutritional Healing | Philippine Medicinal Plants. Drink a cup 2 times a day after meals. two hours after eating. - Considered hemostatic, carminative, heart stimulant, and tonic. English name: Garlic. (Editors) / - Agarwood is the resinous hardwood that is formed in Aquilaria and Gyrinop trees when they are invaded by mold. - First-grade agarwood is one of the most expensive natural raw materials in the world. (2) (3) (9) An excellent wood material, an ornamental and has lots of medicinal usage. Philippine Medicinal Herbs. 2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives and sesquiterpenes, the two predominant constituents, along with terpenoids, flavonoids, etc. (2) Queen’s crape myrthle/Banaba. (11) FMB promoted these native trees not only because they have nutritious fruits and medicinal benefits, but also to encourage people to grow endemic trees to better our environment. while pounded leaves are used for skin diseases. - In traditional Chinese medicine, agarwood is used as a Blumea camphor/Sambong. Agarwood-producing Aquilaria species found in the Philippines are A. apicultina (Mindanao), A. acuminata, A. cumingiana, and A. filarial. (7) Trees alone comprise about 3500 species. - The expensive price comes from low yield from plant material, labor intensive extraction processes. Bayabas (scientific name: Psidium guajava) - growing to a height of 5 meters. (. centimeters long and 4-6 centimeters wide at the largest, with pointed tip and a blunt or The Golden Shower is cultivated as an ornamental flowering tree or sometimes planted for its medicinal properties. Distribution English name: Sugar apple and Sweet sop. (16) to alleviate the body's aches and pains. Medical Uses: Promotes good health, if taken as tea. Cainta Plant Nursery is a commercial plant nursery engaged in the wholesale propagation and production of a wide variety of plants and trees since the early 1960’s. It is a succulent plant used to treat Niyog-niyogan (scientific name: Trichina and Ascaris by ingesting its matured dried seeds. / Questions / Research Gate Asia Plantation Capital is planting agarwood in Malaysia / Eco-Business (10) a small tree used as a medicinal herb. herbal medicine. A decoction of clean leaves is taken internally or externally as a poultice one of the better known of the medicinal plants in the Philippines, lagundi (five-leaved chaste tree) is a shrub with This tree is said to have a lot of medicinal values. - There are 15 species of Aquilaria in the world but only 8 produce resin in response to fungal attacks. - The species is considered a source of agarwood. (12) Phytoconstituent Compounds / Pharmacological Activity: No phytochemical or pharmacological studies have been done specifically on A. cumingiana. Uses The wood … ; Chung R.C.K. - The leaves, fruit and seeds are used in the treatment of diarrhea, It’s also loved by birds! medicinal plants: Akapulko (scientific name: Cassia alata) - - Found in primary forests at Aquilaria cumingiana / IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. burns, cuts, eczema and other disorders. In the past few years, a renewed interest on this natural method of treatment arose not only in the Philippines but worldwide. • In India, agarwood has been used as carminative, antiasthmatic, anti-diarrhea, antidysenteric; used in gout, rheumatism, paralysis, and as stimulant in sexual debility. uses. Quisqualis indica L.) - is a vine that is an effective in the elimination of intestinal worms, particularly the The decoction Barcoding has the potential of contributing to international timber trade control through a method of species identification and product identification. It is a medicinal herb that is effective in treating is also used as a mouth wash to treat gum infection and tooth decay. a vegetable used to treat diabetes (diabetes mellitus) it is now commercially produced in tablet form •Other Philippine medicinal plants currently sold at the retail market are: Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) Virgin Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera) Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) Luya (Zingeber officianale) Turmeric/Luyang dilaw (Curcuma longa) Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) and others are tea blends of various medicinal … Folkloric Moringa is one of the world's most useful trees and in the Philippines almost all parts of the plant are used for food and traditional medicine. A decoction of the plant is taken internally or the leaves and It is applied to the skin as poultice or as a decoction when taken internally. During the fall and winter months most of the medicinal trees can offer roots, twigs and bark for the healing of a multitude of standard ailments. a Philippine medicinal plant used to treat kidney disorders, colds, fever, rheumatism, hypertension and other Parts used Muell-Arg. To make a decoction, boil a cup of washed chopped leaves in 2 cups of water, The Philippine medicinal plant entrees now number more than 1150. What it takes to Plant an Agarwood trees / Posted by RYOGOTOAPC / Feb 12, 2016, In total, 88 new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone compounds have been isolated from agarwood and the genes Aquilaria. There are three separate listing of medicinal plants: a Tagalog list, an English list for those plants with English designations, and a Chinese list, for the medicinal … There have been 154 new compounds isolated from agarwoood and the genus Aquilaria trees. English name: Blumea Camphora. Ampalaya (scientific name: Momordica charantia) - (14) Topically, VCO is also applied to the skin and scalp to nourish and heal. Agarwood-producing Aquilaria species found in the Philippines are A. apicultina (Mindanao), A. acuminata, A. cumingiana, and A. filarial. They are big trees that extend up to 60 feet tall with leaves like usual palm trees, and large flowering shoots that hangs downward like a withered broom. reports on the phytochemical constituents and the pharmacological activity of fraction and components from agarwood and Aquilaria trees, in particular, studies on A. sinensis, which showed laxative effect, antmicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory, neuropharmactocoligal activities among many others. (7), Constituents • Commercially available agarwood is derived from fungus-infected trees through wounds caused by species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Fungi imperfecti. It also contains information on top producing provinces based on area. It has high fluoride concentration wood chips, powder, oil, end products like perfumes, incense and medicines. many medicinal uses. - "Qi-Nan" is regarded as the highest quality agarwoord, with its mysterious oriental odel that can be smelt without burning, unlike other kinds of agarwood. Wood used for wood carving and for light indoor construction, veneer, and making boxes. Lagundi (scientific name: Vitex negundo) - one of the better known of the medicinal plants in the Philippines, lagundi (five-leaved chaste tree) is a shrub with many medicinal uses. Gyrinopsis cumingiana Decne. It is taken internally for various aliments like diabetes to high blood pressure. Seeds are ovoidly Yerba Buena (scientific name: Clinopodium douglasii) - (4) Low grade resinous wood used for oil production require a minimum of 20 kg to produce 12 ml of oil. Its main users are local residents who use the bark as a remedy for stomach ache by either chewing it directly or boiling it … Tanvir Islam, Mohd Zulkefeli, Sirajul Islam Khan / International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, January 2013; 1(4) Serial 3. Aquilaria / Google Books Medicinal Properties: Oregano (scientific name: Origanum vulgare) - Since antiquity, wood has been burned in religious rituals and as incense sticks to release the fragrance. As a diuretic, it helps in the excretion of urinary stones. Bark, wood, fruit - Also occurs in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. (10) • Rituals: Incense and essential oil used in Buddhist, Hindu and Confucian ceremonies. - Three species are reportedly found in the Philippines: Aquillaria apiculina, A. acuminata, and A. cumingiana. (14). Aloe vera has antiviral, antifungal, antibiotic, antioxidant and antiparasitic properties. / Posted by RYOGOTOAPC / Feb 12, 2016 Sources and Suggested Readings dysentery and fainting. Agar is a scented product, oleoresin, from the wood of live trees. Philippines. To ensure the longevity of the tree, never cut bark from the trunk of a … Its medicinal use is for stomach pains and ailment. Alder trees are small trees in the birch family, and most species thrive in wet zones near rivers. The practice of bark stripping for medicinal use also poses a threat to its survival, as over-exploitation of this resource may lead to infection, or even death. Palm trees (Washington or other) as tall as possible Desert Truffles – Terfezia and Tirmania Sunflower Gum Arabica Bwansiana Bombax Leucaena Albizia Samr Acacia Cassia Fistula Raintree Ficus Bonsai Coconut Trees Bouganvilla Other ornamental plants Orchid (seeds) Fruit tree – Mango Fruit tree – Pomegranate Older trees have higher resin content. Asia Plantation Capital is planting agarwood in Malaysia, Potential Herbal Medicines and Drug Interactions, List It has many uses as a medicinal What it takes to Plant an Agarwood trees. Appearance is very similar to cassava(non root producing) and the fruit is like that of Jathropa. The best known among them are A. agollocha, a. malaccensis, and A. crassna. One of the medicinal plants that thrives in humid tropical forests is Mallotus philippensis (Lamk.) Acacia, Rain tree, Samanea saman - Philippine Herbal Medicine: An illustrated compilation of Philippine medicinal herbs by Dr Godofredo Stuart, with botanical information, chemical properties, folkloric uses and research studies (2) English name: ringworm bush. An excellent wood material, an ornamental and has lots of medicinal usage. The yield of agar, an oleoresin, is dependent on the plant species and the infection/induction involved. Five-leaved chaste tree/Lagundi. fungal infection of the skin and for the treatment of ringworms. (2) The quality of agar depends on the plant species and fungal species involved, together with still unknown factors. One thought on “ List of Medicinal Plants in the Philippines ” Nick V. Alojipan November 19, 2015 at 10:15 pm. an herb used to treat arthritis, gout, skin disorders, abdominal pains and kidney problems. Additional Narra tree is native to the Philippines and can grow from 30-40 meters tall. (2) This medicinal herb is compressed, about 7.5 millimeters long. Through this blog we hope to … herb with antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antiviral, diuretic and antiseptic properties. The medicinal uses of akapulko are to treat English name: bitter melon and bitter gourd. a perennial herb with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. (Dr. Devang J Pandya) (13) The Philippines has 3,600 species of native trees, of which 67 percent are endemic. Palisan is a shrub or small tree, (6) Chew (5 to 7 dried seeds for children or 8 to 10 seeds for adults) [12] among traditional healers in Southwest Cebu, Philippines and [6] on the Higaonon Tribe of Iligan City, Philippines wherein leaves were commonly prepared by boiling water (decoction) and administered orally. Agarwood use in perfumery goes back several thousand years, the use of the bark for writing material still continues in Assam, and continues to be used in many traditional pharmacopoeias, especially in ayurvediic, Tibetan, and traditional East Asian medicine. It is botanically not a root but a rhizome of the monocotyledonous perennial plant. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activity of Agarwood and Aquilaria Plants / Shuai Wang, Zhangxin Yu, Canhong Wang, Chongming Wu, Peng Guo, and Jianhe Wei / Molecules, Feb 2018; 23(2) / doi: 10.3390/molecules23020342 / PMID: 29414842 There are many other Philippine medicinal plants, herbs - Chemical constituents of agarwood originating from the genus Aquilaria include Turmeric/Luyang dilaw. small, rounded clusters. The wood can be used for making small articles such as handles. Roselle/Rosel. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) - Although not a medicinal plant, effective in treating diarrhea, dysentery, gastroenteritis and other stomach ailments. VCO is a product of the coconut tree. simmer for about 15 minutes, strain, let cool. / Useful Tropical Plants (14), Properties . and trees found in the country but are actually rarely used as more popularly known as guava, bayabas is a small tree whose boiled leaves are used as an disinfectant to treat wounds. Luya (scientific name: Zingiber officinale) or Ginger. Availability Sabila (Aloe barbadensis miller liquid) - In total, 88 new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone compounds have been isolated from agarwood and the genes Aquilaria. Agarwood (Oud) / Fragrantica arthritis, relief of cough, osteoarthritis, asthma and upset stomach. “Protect our trees, our forests- our source of life!” ‪#‎PhilippineNativeTrees‬ ‪#‎NativeTrees‬ ‪#‎Rainforestation‬ ‪#‎KeepingitNative‬ ‪#‎ForestProtection‬ May 20, 2016. (14) • In southern Brazil , used for wound healing. • All species of Aquilaria have been places on the Appendix II list of the Convention on Interntional Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora since 2004. There are several grades, the highest of which is known as kyara. Studies A dark aromatic resin is produced in response to induction/infection. Agarwood snippets - In Japan, agarwood is called jinko. Chemical constituents of agarwood originating from the genus Aquilaria include OVERVIEW OF THE AGARWOOD OIL INDUSTRY / Dr. Pakamas Chetpattananondh / Paper presented at the IFEAT International Conference in Singapore, 4 - 8 November 2012 'Essential Asia' Pages 131-138 in the printed Conference Proceedings - Agarwood is exported in various forms viz. Fruit is pendant and orange-red, containing Lagundi (Vitex negundo) - known as "5-leaved chaste tree" in english is used in Philippine herbal medicine to treat cough, colds and fever. It is used for the relief and treatment of coughs, asthma, dyspepsia, worms, colic, rheumatism and boils. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic, AGARWOOD PRODUCTION- A MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD TO BE EXPLORED IN BANGLADESH, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154631. What are the medicinal uses of agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) in your country? Ascomycetous mold, Phaeoacremonium parasitica, a dermatiaceous fungus has been identified as one of the known fungi associated with agarwood formation. a tree found throughout the Philippines. Others 2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives and sesquiterpenes, the two predominant constituents, along with terpenoids, flavonoids, etc. BUBOI-GUBAT (Bombax ceiba) Commonly known as the “Malabulak” Tree. The Philippines is blessed with a very high biodiversity, including the plants living in its remaining forest cover. Duhat - Duhat seeds are known for the treatment of diabetes, as are the leaves and the juice from the fruit. • Bark and roots Narra tree is native to the Philippines and can grow from 30-40 meters tall. • Agarwood: In wood 15-20 years old or older, deposits pf dark brown, aromatic resin may develop in the vascular tissue. - The heartwood is light and pale coloured; but, as the wood matures, the tree produces a dark aromatic resin in response to infection or unknown induction, which results in a very dense, dark resin-embedded heartwood. A number of these are known as strangler figs wherein they start upon other trees, later entrapping them entirely and finally killing the host tree. (2) It can also be used as an edema. • In Malaysia, agarwood used to treat jaundice and body pains. Forest Research Institute Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur. - The production of resinous compounds is associated with wounding by insects that probably assist fungal invasion. It is used to reduce cholesterol in the blood and thus helps lower blood pressure. The bark is astringent and in decoction is used as a mouthwash and as a gargle for ulcerations of the mouth. A decoction of oregano leaves is taken internally for the prevention of degenerative (1) • Agarwood and its essential oil: Agarwood and its essential oil are in the cultural and religious records of ancient civilizations, mentioned in ancient texts of the Sanskrit Vedas from India, third century AD in ancient China, and seventh century Harshacharita. Gotu kola/Takip kuhol. The frequent use of leaves helps in the survival and continuity of useful medicinal plants in Northern Surigao … Euphorbiaceae) commonly known as "kamala". Agarwood fragrances are used in soaps and shampoos. • Essential oil: Essential oil from heartwood used in oriental perfumery. qi-regulating drug and carminative to relieve gastric problems, rheumatism, and high fever. (5) (6) called China rose or Hibiscus in the West, it is a common ornamental plant in the Philippines. What are the medicinal uses of agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) in your country? It is native of tropical Asia, from the Indian subcontinent to adjacent regions of Southeast Asia. Leaves are alternate, smooth, elliptically oblong, about 15 The tree is very sacred in Hindu religion. The bark is also used in children with chronic diarrhea. Commonly used for cooking in the West, it is used as a Lagundi (scientific name: Vitex negundo) - • Extraction Methods: Agarwood oil is distilled through hydrodistillation, steam distillation, and supercritical CO2 extraction. This study (Shuai Wang et al.) The Medicinal Plants of the Philippines By T. H. Pardo De Tavera Doctor en Medicina de la Facultad de Paris, Comisionado Cientifico de S. M. en las Islas Filipinas y Delegado General en las Mismas de la Société Académique Indo-Chinoise de Francia, Miembro Fundador Correspondiente de la Sociedad Española … Ridl. Aquilaria cumingiana / Synonyms / The Plant List is an accepted name. Also … • Bark, wood and fruit used as substitute for quinine. Banaba (scientific name: Lagerstroemia speciosa) - Agarwood It is also used as a relief for asthma & pharyngitis, rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, and diarrhea. (14) • Used of Agarwood: Agarwood is highly valued by luxury perfume, fragrance, and soap manufacturers. - In theory, agarwood can be produced by all members; however, until recently it was primary produced from A. malaccensis, A. agallocha, and A. secundaria. Its analgesic properties make it an ideal pain reliever It was and was later introduced to the Philippines due to its popularity as an ornamental tree and its … Ridl. is a synonym of Aquilaria cumingiana (Decne.) Wood patterned with this resin constitute the valuable agar wood. Dahong - Pula - No folkloric medicinal use in the Philippines. Then there are still the shrubs, herbs, ferns etc. This list provides common medicinal plants in the It is also used in traditional medicine to relieve pain, asthma, and nausea. As medicinal plant, the parts used are leaves and stem. • Search yielded no reports on Philippine cultivation of Aquilaria species for agarwood. Flowers are yellowish, about 1.5 centimeters long, borne in fairly Ginger/Luya. Gmelina arborea is a fast-growing tree, which grows on different localities and prefers moist fertile valleys with 750–4500 mm rainfall. of Philippine Medicinal Plants with Chinese Names. - Classified as "vulnerable" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (2) (3) • DNA Barcoding: Study reports on a DNA barcoding technique to generate barcode sequences for Aquilaria species for application in the identification of sources speciex of agarwood in the market. Leaves are elliptic in shape, and produces small, hairy whitish, or purplish flowers. There are 17 species of Aquilaria known to produce agarwood. English name: Chinese honey suckle. Pansit-Pansitan (scientific name: Peperomia pellucida Linn.) (9), Info on Agarwood Yerba Buena is a perennial plant of the mint family that grows up to 1 meter long. Duhat seeds are known for the treatment of diabetes, as are the leaves and the juice from the fruit. Just to research on a species a day would take about 10 years to finish all of just the trees. Medicinal plants and herbs has been used by our Filipino forefathers for many centuries. (5) (6) and tea bags. The leaves, roots, fruit and flowers all have medicinal VCO is one of the more popular alternative medicine widely used in the Philippines today. A dark aromatic resin is produced in response to induction/infection. The root is known to be an expectorant, tonic and febrifuge. • Incense from wood considered aphrodisiac, carminative and sedative. Please identify this medicinal plant. The report presents statistics on production, hectarage and bearing trees which are disaggregated at the national, regional and provincial levels. Used in the treatment of cancer, especially of the thyroid gland; also for treatment of asthma and abdominal complaints such as colic and diarrhea, (5) obovoid or broadly ellipsoid and about 1.5 centimeters long. an annual herb also known as "pansit-pansitan". medicinal plant in the Philippines. • First distillation is reported to yield the best quality oil. - Trees grow very fast, flowering and producing seeds as early as four years old. It is used for the relief and treatment of coughs, asthma, dyspepsia, worms, colic, rheumatism and boils. Agarwood referes to an occasional product of a few genera of Aquilaria and Gyrinops in the plant family Thymelaeaceae. - Wild-crafted. Various research and development efforts are currently focused on food fortification to utilize the nutritional value of moringa and its medicinal potentials. Tsaang Gubat (scientific name: Ehretia microphylla Lam.) The fruits are smooth and shiny with elliptic-shaped soft seeds.The consecutive loss of forests in the Philippines and overharvesting of the Cinnamon plants makes it a vulnerable species according to the IUCN. In the Philippines, Yerba Buena is grown in high elevated areas. Duhat is a fruit tree found mostly wild throughout the Philippines. It is used in the treatment of diabetes and other ailments. These are the more widely used and popular gout, arthritis and prevents uric acid build up. Ridl. What it takes to Plant an Agarwood trees. • Bark / Wood: Used for making paper, ropes and cloth. In Malaysia, agarwood is mixed with coconut oil as liniment, and used as decoction for rheumatism and other body pains. They produce small catkins that are edible as a protein-rich survival food, though they are bitter. - used for stopping the flow of blood from wounds. Copeland's Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes copelandii) Copeland's Pitcher Plant is plant species native to Mindanao in the Philippines. In 2010, the price for superior pure material was as high as $100,000 / kg. (11) Repeat treatment after a week if necessary. Also used as tonic during pregnancy and after childbirth. smooth. (5) - Agarwood is the most expensive wood in the world, an occasional product of a few genera of Aquilaria and Gyrinops in the Thymelaeaceae family. English name: Wild Tea. (2) This knowledge was passed on from generation to generation. Bark is ashy gray, mottled, and (fem. making it a good mouth wash for the prevention of tooth decay. It does not thrive on ill-drained soils and remains stunted on dry, sandy or poor soils; drought also reduces it to a shrubby form. In 2004, the Global Trees Campaign supported Philippine NGOs and students to conduct a survey to inform a species conservation strategy. (2) Gumamela (scientific name: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn) - a single seed and two locules across which it splits upon opening, slightly (3) Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak Vols 1 - 6 / Author Soepadmo E.; Saw L.G. (14) (14) by pounding the leaves mixed with a little water then applied directly on the afflicted area. Roasted leaves are also used for fever and diarrhea In total, 88 new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone compounds have been isolated from agarwood and the genes Aquilaria. (2) It is a purgative and a diuretic. a vine of the mint family, popularly known as Peppermint. Sambong (scientific name: Blumea balsamifera) - (2) Atis (scientific name: Anona squamosa L.) - Balete tree (also known as balite or baliti) are several species of the trees in the Philippines from the genus Ficus that are broadly referred to as balete in the local language. From the fruit household glue, dye, tanning agent and various medicines can be produced. The yield of agar, an oleoresin, is dependent on the plant species and the infection/induction involved. a specie of the onion family. one of the most common medicinal plants in the Philippines that can be found in many Filipino homes. a shrub known to be a diuretic, sudorific and purgative. Gyrinopsis cumingiana Decne / The Plant List low and medium altitudes in Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Quezon, Laguna, Camarines, and Albay Provinces in Luzon; and in Catanduanes, Samar, Sibuyan, Leyte, Panay, Mindanao, and Jolo. Pure agarwood is used as incense. Aquilaria cumingiana (Decne.) Bark, leaves and roots have a number of medicinal uses and the bark can also be used as fish poison. The FMB is DENR’s branch that provides technical guidance to the central and field offices for the effective protection, development, and … Endemic to the island of Cebu, in the Philippines, this species also has a bark with medicinal properties. The current selection includes indigenous Philippine species, palms, bamboo, and plants for use in landscaping and indoors. stem can be eaten fresh as salad. Moringa/Malunggay. Ulasimang Bato (scientific name: Peperomia pellucida) - There have been 154 new compounds isolated from agarwoood and the genus Aquilaria trees. (15) ailments. • Agarwood / Agar / Oleoresin: Agarwood is a dark resinous heartwood that forms in Aquilaria and Gyrinops trees in the family Thymelaeaceae. In total, 88 new 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone compounds have been isolated from agarwood and the genes Aquilaria. a shrub prepared like tea, it is now commercially available in tablets, capsules and tea bags. (13) A decoction of leaves is taken internally for treatment. Many trees that commonly grow in North America and parts of Europe possess medicinal benefits. Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica L.) - is a vine known as "Chinese honey suckle". • Because of inflated demands and rapidly declining population of Aquilaria species in the wild, the yields of agarwood collected from the wild is shrinking, as the price continues to rise, restricting scientific research and wide application. - Exported from source countries as wood chips, powder, essential oil,, or as finished products. (8) (11) AGARWOOD PRODUCTION- A MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD TO BE EXPLORED IN BANGLADESH / Selina Akter, Md.

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