brassica oleracea var capitata

The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) thrive in the higher summer temperatures of continental Europe, where they cause considerable damage to cabbage crops. [53] For optimal growth, there must be adequate levels of nitrogen in the soil, especially during the early head formation stage, and sufficient phosphorus and potassium during the early stages of expansion of the outer leaves. [74] In Poland, cabbage is one of the main food crops, and it features prominently in Polish cuisine. sabauda). They may also be sown in winter for spring display. Brassica was considered by some Romans a table luxury,[37] although Lucullus considered it unfit for the senatorial table. [14] Most cabbages have thick, alternating leaves, with margins that range from wavy or lobed to highly dissected; some varieties have a waxy bloom on the leaves. Has medium sized heads that quickly form the distinctive January King purple colour as the crop matures. Brassica oleracea capitata is a BIENNIAL growing to 0.8 m (2ft 7in) at a medium rate. [14] Closer spacing reduces the resources available to each plant (especially the amount of light) and increases the time taken to reach maturity. 30cm. Although found throughout the plant, these compounds are concentrated in the highest quantities in the seeds; lesser quantities are found in young vegetative tissue, and they decrease as the tissue ages. carotovorum (bacterial root rot of sweet potato), Phyllotreta albionica (cabbage flea beetle), Phyllotreta chotanica (striped flea beetle), Phyllotreta cruciferae (crucifer flea beetle), Phyllotreta striolata (cabbage flea beetle), Pieris napi (green-veined white butterfly), Pratylenchus penetrans (nematode, northern root lesion), Pratylenchus vulnus (walnut root lesion nematode), Pseudomonas marginalis pv. Two of the six stamens have shorter filaments. Americans consume 3.9 kg (8.6 lb) annually per capita. Contaminants from water, humans, animals and soil have the potential to be transferred to cabbage, and from there to the end consumer. Min. ), Belonolaimus longicaudatus (sting nematode), Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (cabbage seed pod weevil), Chrysodeixis chalcites (golden twin-spot moth), Dickeya chrysanthemi (bacterial wilt of chrysanthemum and other ornamentals), Erysiphe cruciferarum (powdery mildew of crucifers), Gryllotalpa africana (african mole cricket), Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode), Helicoverpa zea (American cotton bollworm), Melanoplus bivittatus (twostriped grasshopper), Pectobacterium atrosepticum (potato blackleg disease), Pectobacterium brasiliense (soft rot and blackleg of ornamentals and potato), Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. The first leaves produced are ovate (egg-shaped) with a lobed petiole. The appearance of the cabbage head has been given importance in selective breeding, with varieties being chosen for shape, color, firmness and other physical characteristics. This family decades. capitata L. or Brassica oleracea Red Cabbage and White/Green Cabbage Groups. List of Lepidoptera that feed on Brassica, "Growing broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and other cole crops in Wisconsin", "Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists), Cabbages and other brassicas, 2018", "Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists), Cabbages and other brassicas, 2017", "Corriher's Compendium of Ingredients and Cooking Problems", "USDA database table for raw cabbage per 100 g", "A novel mechanism of indole-3-carbinol effects on breast carcinogenesis involves induction of Cdc25A degradation", "Chapter IV. [5] Many European and Asiatic names for cabbage are derived from the Celto-Slavic root cap or kap, meaning "head". Chilling and clubroot disease cause severe losses of yields and quality in this species, as well as in other Brassicaceae crops. reduced in both the adaxial and abaxial sides of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. The outer leaves are trimmed, and any diseased, damaged, or necrotic leaves are removed. They do not produce heads and feature purple or green outer leaves surrounding an inner grouping of smaller leaves in white, red, or pink. Moderate watering. winter. The transition from a juvenile to adult state happens when the stem diameter is about 6 mm (1⁄4 in). In a 100 gram reference amount, raw cabbage is a rich source of vitamin C and vitamin K, containing 44% and 72%, respectively, of the Daily Value (DV). Cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. When stored under less ideal conditions, cabbage can still last up to four months. Easy care. Find the perfect brassica oleracea var capitata stock photo. Pl. These develop when cabbage is overcooked and hydrogen sulfide gas is produced.[78]. [13], The inflorescence is an unbranched and indeterminate terminal raceme measuring 50–100 cm (20–40 in) tall,[13] with flowers that are yellow or white. conglutinans (cabbage fusarium wilt), Hyaloperonospora parasitica (downy mildew), Liriomyza brassicae (serpentine leafminer), Meloidogyne ethiopica (Root-knot nematode), Microtheca ochroloma (yellowmargined leaf beetle), Mycosphaerella brassicicola (cabbage ring-spot), Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. capitata Gloria F1 - 1.jpg 1,200 × 1,600; 439 KB [91], Cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables contain small amounts of thiocyanate, a compound associated with goiter formation when iodine intake is deficient. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of cabbage were also recently been reported. Spesies : Brassica oleracea var. [12], Cabbage seedlings have a thin taproot and cordate (heart-shaped) cotyledons. [77] Cooked cabbage is often criticized for its pungent, unpleasant odor and taste. [92], This article is about the vegetable. capitata, var. Those used for processing, especially sauerkraut, are larger and have a lower percentage of water. [38] The more traditionalist Cato the Elder, espousing a simple Republican life, ate his cabbage cooked or raw and dressed with vinegar; he said it surpassed all other vegetables, and approvingly distinguished three varieties; he also gave directions for its medicinal use, which extended to the cabbage-eater's urine, in which infants might be rinsed. [90] Two outbreaks of E. coli in the United States have been linked to cabbage consumption. ), Xanthomonas campestris pv. They are harvested by cutting the stalk just below the bottom leaves with a blade. Genetic analysis results revealed that the glossy trait of LD10GL is controlled by a single recessive gene, and fine mapping results revealed that the target gene Cgl2 (Cabbage glossy 2) is located within a physical region of 170 kb on chromosome 1. Grow Brassica oleracea capitata group in moist but well-drained soil in full sun to shade. botrytis); Brussels sprouts (var. Turini TA, Daugovish O, Koike ST, Natwick ET, Ploeg A, Dara SK, Fennimore SA, Joseph S, LeStrange M, Smith R, Subbarao KV, Westerdahl BB. Downy mildew, a parasitic disease caused by the oomycete Peronospora parasitica,[65] produces pale leaves with white, brownish or olive mildew on the lower leaf surfaces; this is often confused with the fungal disease powdery mildew. capitata f. rubra (BRSOR) This in turn is a variant of the Old French caboce. [52], Jacques Cartier first brought cabbage to the Americas in 1541–42, and it was probably planted by the early English colonists, despite the lack of written evidence of its existence there until the mid-17th century. [65], One of the most common bacterial diseases to affect cabbage is black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris, which causes chlorotic and necrotic lesions that start at the leaf margins, and wilting of plants. Cabbage heads are generally picked during the first year of the plant's life cycle, but plants intended for seed are allowed to grow a second year and must be kept separate from other cole crops to prevent cross-pollination. Rhizoctonia solani causes the post-emergence disease wirestem, resulting in killed seedlings ("damping-off"), root rot or stunted growth and smaller heads. [37] The Pompeii cabbage was also mentioned by Columella in De Re Rustica. 667 (1753). capitata. capitata in BrassiBase Tools and biological resources to study characters and traits in the Brassicaceae. Cash and tobacco have both been described by the slang "cabbage", while "cabbage-head" means a fool or stupid person and "cabbaged" means to be exhausted or, vulgarly, in a vegetative state. Brassica oleracea var. sabauda or var. Although great attention has been paid to the breeding and production of crops containing high levels of anthocyanin, genetic variation in red or purple cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. [5] Cabbage seeds traveled to Australia in 1788 with the First Fleet, and were planted the same year on Norfolk Island. [15] Bean curd and cabbage is a staple of Chinese cooking,[73] while the British dish bubble and squeak is made primarily with leftover potato and boiled cabbage and eaten with cold meat. [48] In India, cabbage was one of several vegetable crops introduced by colonizing traders from Portugal, who established trade routes from the 14th to 17th centuries. By the 18th century, it was commonly planted by both colonists and native American Indians. [76] In the United States, cabbage is used primarily for the production of coleslaw, followed by market use and sauerkraut production. [79] Cabbage is also a moderate source (10–19% DV) of vitamin B6 and folate, with no other nutrients having significant content per 100-gram serving (table). [24] Savoy cabbages are usually used in salads, while smooth-leaf types are utilized for both market sales and processing. Sci. [66], Planting near other members of the cabbage family, or where these plants have been placed in previous years, can prompt the spread of pests and disease. [64] The caterpillar stage of the "small cabbage white butterfly" (Pieris rapae), commonly known in the United States as the "imported cabbage worm", is a major cabbage pest in most countries. Brassica oleracea var. [17] Scientific research into the genetic modification of B. oleracea crops, including cabbage, has included European Union and United States explorations of greater insect and herbicide resistance.

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